The questions of time and intergovernmental and citizenry conflict vary, however, as partisan conflicts between actors manifest differently across the cases and issues examined. Heather Dorries writes about the long view steeped in 400-years of conflict regarding the takings and efforts for reappropriation of Indigenous land in a Canadian settler history. This becomes crystallized through Dorries’ case examination of pipeline infrastructure that would cut through Indigenous land while simultaneously rupturing recent national efforts to confront the treatment of Indigenous people. Indigenous communities have engaged in a politics of refusal in opposition to this pipeline, spatially embodied in part by building ‘Tiny Homes’ in the pipeline’s proposed pathway. Dorries argues that alongside such a history, searching for common ground would be a bridge too far between the national government and First Nations, the latter of which have little trust in government. Rather, planners should seek to better understand such politics of refusal and make planning the object of analysis to consider how planning further subjugates communities in these contexts.
Planning Interface: Strengthening Planning’s Effectiveness in a Hyper-Polarized World/Responding to the Conservative Common Sense of Opposition to Planning and Development in England/The Limits to Negotiation and the Promise of Refusal/Planning Contexts i